![]() We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register,, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ( ICTRP) (15 August 2017), and reference lists of retrieved studies. The primary outcomes relate to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. To assess the effect of planned birth (either by induction of labour or caesarean birth) at or near term gestation (37 to 40 weeks’ gestation) compared with an expectant approach, for improving health outcomes for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes and their infants. This current review focuses on pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) and a sister review focuses on women with gestational diabetes. This review replaces a review previously published in 2001 that included "diabetic pregnant women", which has now been split into two reviews. Current clinical guidelines support elective birth, at or near term, because of increased perinatal mortality during the third trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) have increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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